Gastroenteritis (Stomach flu) in Children

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Gastroenteritis or Stomach flu is an infection found within the intestines. It is common among children and they may have more than one episode in a year. The severity can range from a mild turning upset for a day or two with some mild diarrhea, to severe diarrhea and vomiting for several days or longer. It can cause dehydration which may be very dangerous for very young babies.

It is caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites. It is infectious and can be transferred from one child to another. It is usually ingested through food (food poisoning) or drink (contaminated water).

Rotavirus and Adenovirus are among the common viruses that cause viral stomach flu. Other bacteria eg E.coli, Campylobacter, Salmonellosis, etc and other microbes can cause gastroenteritis.

If your child gets the stomach flu more than once, the cause maybe different each time.

Symptoms

The most distinguishing symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Other symptoms may include;

  • Loss of appetite
  • Bloating
  • Nausea
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Bloody stools- in some cases
  • Pus in stools- in some cases
  • Fever
  • Generally feeling unwell

Complications

Complications are more likely to occur in children who has a chronic disease such as diabetes or if their immune system is not working fully as in cases of children on long term steroid medication or having chemotherapy treatment. 

Possible complications may include:

  • Lack of fluid and electrolyte imbalance in the body which is most common
  • Reactive complications such as athritis, skin inflammation or conjunctivitis
  • Spread of contagion to other parts of the child’s body
  • Persistent diarrhea syndromes
  • Irritable bowel syndrome
  • Lactose intolerance
  • Malnutrition

When Should You Look For Medical Help for Your Child

Most children who have gastroenteritis may have mild symptoms which will get better in a few days. The most important thing is to ensure that they drink more water during this period to avoid dehydration.

However, you should look for medical help in the following situations;

  • If your child is aged 6months and below
  • If your child has an inherent medical condition ( eg heart or kidney problems, diabetes, history of premature birth)
  • If your child has a high temperature
  • If dehydration occurs
  • If your child appears drowsy or delirious
  • If your child vomits continuously
  • If there is blood in their feces or vomit
  • If your child is experiencing severe abdominal pains
  • If you child’s symptoms do not subside ( for example, vomiting for more than a day or two, or diarrhea that does not subside after 3-4 days) 

Ensure you seek medical help early!

Dr. Favvy

Next Post: Gastroenteritis in Children: Treatment and Prevention

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